AIM Framework glossary
Multiplicative Friction Model
Canonical definition
Multiplicative Friction Model is the formal representation of institutional buffering as independent multiplicative friction on cascade dynamics: Paction = ∏ pi, where p_i is the probability that institutional buffer i fails to block the cascade. The model’s key property is that individually modest buffers produce collectively strong resistance when numerous and independent, and that the marginal value of each buffer increases as others are removed.
Explanation
Each independent check on power, courts, legislatures, press, bureaucracies, elections, makes it less likely that a bad decision translates into irreversible action. Because each check works independently, their combined effect multiplies: six modestly effective checks are far more protective than any single strong one. And removing checks gets progressively more dangerous, the last few matter most. See Institutional Brake, Correction Window, Seneca Asymmetry, Subcriticality Maintenance Principle.
Epistemic status
Framework-Specific Construct.